A condition to evaluate, plus an action to perform when the condition is met (or not met). Normally used to validate field values.
You can:
Add rules to field specifications or templates (including compound field specifications). These rules only apply to the field you configure in the field specification.
Add rules to documents and other objects (such as compounds and batches). These rules allow you to establish relations between different fields within the document, compound document, or batch specification.
You can also create field rules for invoices, but these have a somewhat different purpose, since they are part of field exceptions.